How the author describes Ona and Jurgis from Chapter 1 and 2 in the jungle book?

He describes them as a loving couple who cherishes the tradition of the country they came from and gives details from their wedding, as well as people who came to America in search of a better life.

Explanation:

Ona Lukoszaite and Jurgis Rudkus are a young married couple who immigrated from Lithuania to the United States. The author describes their wedding at the beginning. Noting that they were married and that the ceremony itself was following Lithuanian customs, implying that they cherish the traditions of their own country and if they are far from Europe. They are a loving couple who crowned their relationship with marriage. Ona and Jurgis had complicated lives in their home countries. Together they listened to stories about business opportunities and a better experience in America, so they were worth saving for the trip. The author points out that Jurgis has been raising money for months.

Explanation:

It takes a historical perspective on concepts in the psychology of motivation and emotion, and surveys recent developments, debates and applications. Old debates over emotion have recently risen again. For example, are emotions necessarily subjective feelings? Do animals have emotions? I reviewed the evidence that emotions exist as core psychological processes, which have objectively detectable features, and which can occur either with subjective feelings or without them. Evidence is offered also that studies of emotion in animals can give new insights into human emotions. Beyond emotion, motivation concepts have changed over decades too, and debates still continue. Motivation was once thought in terms of aversive drives, and reward was thought of in terms of drive reduction. Motivation-as-drive concepts were largely replaced by motivation-as-incentive concepts, yet aversive drive concepts still occasionally surface in reward neuroscience today. Among incentive concepts, incentive salience is a core motivation process, mediated by brain mesocorticolimbic systems (dopamine-related systems) and sometimes called ‘wanting’ (in quotation marks), to distinguish it from cognitive forms of desire (wanting without quotation marks). Incentive salience as ‘wanting’ is separable also from pleasure ‘liking’ for the same reward, which has important implications for several human clinical disorders. Ordinarily, incentive salience adds motivational urgency to cognitive desires, but ‘wanting’ and cognitive desires can dissociate in some conditions. Excessive incentive salience can cause addictions, in which excessive ‘wanting’ can diverge from cognitive desires. Conversely, lack of incentive salience may cause motivational forms of anhedonia in depression or schizophrenia, whereas a negatively-valenced form of ‘fearful salience’ may contribute to paranoia. Finally, negative ‘fear’ and ‘disgust’ have both partial overlap but also important neural differences.