The author introduces the topic of “How Smart Are Animals?” with an anecdote, a short account of an event. Explain the authors purpose for including this event.

The excerpt of the poem written by Alfred Noyes contain: A. characters, C. theme, and D. setting.  The first literary element: characters, is present with the description of the highwayman, a man that enter an old inn wearing a french hat, lace at his chin, a coat, high boots and a pistol. There's another character presented in the excerpt, the landlord's daughter, a girl with black eyes and black long hair. Thus, the characters are the people presented on the poem. The second literary element is the theme: an unknown man enters and old inn and meets the owner's daughter, thus the theme is what the poem is talking about. Finally we have the setting: the description of the highway, the sky, the inn, all the description of the places, what surrounds the characters make up the setting of the poem.