What does the subjective utility of a decision involve? a. the probability that the decision an individual makes will be the incorrect one. b. what the personal value of the outcome represents to an individual. c. making a decision based on logical reasoning. d. making a decision based on improbable experiences.

The correct answer is option A " The probability that the decision an individual makes will be the incorrect one". Subjective expected utility for decision making was first described and fully applied by  L. J. Savage in 1954. His theory is based in the decision-maker studying the probabilities of each outcome by analyzing the possibility of each outcome and its final utility. However, there is always the presence of a risk in Savage equation and for that it is always the probability that the decision could be the incorrect one.

In "The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain," Hughes talks about the importance of identity and race in art. He argues that a true artist cannot be one in a way that is separate from his own identity. This is particularly true in the United States, where your racial background determines every aspect of who you are, what opportunities you have access to, and how people treat you.

This is illustrated in "Arrangement in Black and White." In this story, we see an African American artist who is admired by a white woman. The woman considers herself to be liberal and accepting of others. However, she is unable to look past her own racism and bias, despite her claim of being modern and understanding. This supports Hughes idea of the artist being unable to be an artist independently from his racial identity.