What would a formal interpretation of the poem focus on? a reflection of patriarchal society in the poem the author's biography and psychology the reader's interaction with the poem the literary qualities and elements

I believe its D) literary qualities and elements.

The purpose of a literary analysis essay should be to evaluate and analyze how the author portrays his message to the audience. In addition to answering "what" the author's message is, you also need to answer "how" the author does it. Some examples include imagery, similes, metaphors, the word choice, etc.