When should a student writing a research-based paper directly quote a research text instead of paraphrasing or summarizing it?

when the words quoted are specific and unique

Explanation:

Direct quotations can be used as a rhetorical tool when words used communicate an idea that is stated in a specific and unique way. This type of quotation happens when the passage explains the idea in a way so complete and sufficient that it can not be reformulated.

B. The Africans were hot and perspired heavily.

F. The Africans were squeezed very tightly together in the hold.

E. The Africans were forced to relieve themselves in open tubs.

Explanation:

According to "The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano", Equiano, the narrator describes the cause of the intolerable smell of the ship as the slaves being hot and perspiring heavily, being squeezed very tightly together, and the slaves being forced to relieve themselves in open tubs.

The living conditions in the ship was inhuman, unbearable and incredibly cruel because the slave masters treated them as less than dogs