Afederal judge who interprets the constitution literally is considered to be a

The correct answer is originalist. These are judges who interpret the constitution based on their understanding of what the founding fathers meant and wanted with it. Opposite would be a pragmatist, a person who understands that the constitution changes due to the spirit of the age changing.

Male chimpanzees are philopatric, more gregarious than females, and compete aggressively for positions in a (usually linear) hierarchy27,28. ... Whether and how successful rank challenges influence female chimpanzees' long-term rank trajectories, however, is currently not understood

Explanation: