Bifactionalism, in the context of texas politics, refers to:

As the name implies, Bifactionalism is when the political activity or in this case, the congress and legislators of Texas are divided into two groups, two factions, with very different ideas or separated from each other, which causes a very marked division in government. The bifactionalism was developed during the time of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1933 to 1945) when the Democrats were divided into two wings, the Conservative and the Liberal, all within the same state of Texas. In the present, it could be said that there is a class of bifactionalism, having democrats and republicans dominating the national political environment, almost without other interventions of political groups different from both.

Option A, after the mongol invasion, is the right answer.

Explanation:

Sufism originally emerged during the 12 century however, the Golden age of Sufism can be traced back to the  13th and the 16th century CE.During this time, Sufism produced a prosperous intellectual culture.The basic rituals of Sufism include dancing and singing.According to Sufis believe Muhammad is the chief prophet.