Name some of the short term causes that the US would have used to get the American public behind the war effort.

A. Pearl Harbor

Detail/context:

The conflicts that became World War II began in the 1930s with Japanese imperial aggression into Manchuria, to take over Chinese territory.  Beginning in 1938, the United States adopted increasingly severe trade restrictions against Japan in response.  When Japan moved into French Indochina in 1941, the USA froze all Japanese financial assets in the USA and placed an embargo on all oil and gasoline shipments to Japan.  The Japanese viewed the embargo as an act of war, and their attack against the US at Pearl Harbor, a naval base near Honolulu, Hawaii, was (from Japan's viewpoint) a response to US trade sanctions against them. 

The United States declared war on Japan on December 8, 1941 -- the day after the attack on the Pearl Harbor naval base.