The gallup organization and the pew research center for the people and the press are the best-known examples of what? straw-polling groups special-interest groups public-interest groups scientific-polling groups

The correct answer is D) scientific-polling groups.

The Gallup Organization and the Pew Research Center for the People and the Press are the best-known examples of scientific-polling groups.

These scientific-polling groups have the special job of describing the public opinion of Americans in determined situations. The Gallup Organization and the Pew Research Center for the People and the Press randomly select the people who are about to be polled. This creates the right scenario to validate the results in an objective and accurate manner, without tendencies. This is very important in polls, the veracity of the information and the numbers.

Transistors were the component that dramatically and primarily reduced the size of computers.

Explanation:

In the late 1950's, computers could take up entire rooms, and relied on vaccuum tubes, which often became too heated and were not quite reliable. Computers often burned out. The first major discovery that allowed a significant size reduction and reliability increase in computers, was the implemmentation of individual transistors and the use of magnetic core memory. These were referred to as the Second Generation Computers, popular throught late 1950's and 1960's.