The notion of a city upon a hill within the passage is best defined as A model for an ideal Christian society and rightful living for the rest of Europe
O
A model society for the purpose of freedom of religion and religious practice
O A high elevation settlement to avoid the troubles of disease that the Virginia colony experienced
O A model utopian society centered around strong Christian values that would serve as an example to the
world

A model utopian society centered around strong Christian values that would serve as an example to the world

Explanation:

The notion of "a city set on a hill" is the idea of a perfect society or world that is based on Chris-like values which would serve as an example to the rest of the world.

The city means an utopian society, whereas being "set on a hill" is the idea of being an example for others to see and emulate.

D.

Explanation:

The age of exploration was a period in history when many European countries such as Spain, England, and the Netherlands set out to explore the world through sea routes. In this expedition, they also discovered new countries and continents.

These explorations were driven by political, economic, and religious needs. Spain's exploration was driven by economic needs. This caused other countries to seek new resources and trade.

Textual evidence:

"Spain’s explorations were driven by the desire to expand its knowledge of the world, to discover spices and riches ..."

Therefore, option D is correct.