What happened during the early dynastic years

Today part of: Egypt

Explanation:

The Archaic or Early Dynastic Period of Egypt (also known as Thinite Period, from Thinis, the supposed hometown of its rulers) is the era immediately following the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt c. 3100 BC. ... Before the unification of Egypt, the land was settled with autonomous villages.

Common languages: Ancient Egyptian

Capital: Thinis then Memphis

Today part of: Egypt

C. Religious minorities in  Spain, including Jews and Muslims

Explanation:

The Spanish Inquisition is the name for the Inquisition which operated in Spain under the control of the Spanish King. Her main task was to pursue a policy of blood purity, that is, to ensure that the descendants of Jews and Muslims baptized after the Reconquista did not return to the faith of their ancestors.

It operated from the end of the 15th century until 1834. Its modus operandi included brutal torture, public executions and the brutal suppression of any criticism of official church doctrine. It played a major role in the expulsion of Jews and Muslims from Spain. The central figure of the Spanish Inquisition was Cardinal de Torquemada, confessor of Queen Isabella of Castile. The Inquisition initially worked independently of state government and official church authorities, which were largely subordinate to it, but over time, with its strengthening, secular rulers of Spain tried to put it under their control, and to some extent they succeeded.