What is a synagogue?
What do men use to cover their head? Why do men cover their head?
What is another word people use to describe a synagogue?
Where do men and women sit in a synagogue?
Where do people pray towards? Why?
What is Shabbat?
What are some of the things that people cannot do during the shabbat?
What is a Ner Tamid and what does it symbolise?
Describe how the Torah is kept.
What is a Yad and why is it used when reading the Torah

Synagogue -

Like a church for Jews.

Men wear a kippah / yarmulke because it's considered (during prayer) "honoring God".

Temple or Jewish Temple.

Jewish men and women are divided by a mechitza.

Jews pray towards the city of Jerusalem because it's the holiest city.

Shabbat is a festive day when Jews exercise their freedom from the regular labors of everyday life. -Wikipedia

No work is allowed on sabbath.

Ner Tamid -

A light (lamp) used in synagogues.  (Eternal light) it represents the light that burned continuously in the Temple of Jerusalem.

Torah scrolls are kept in the aron kodesh. The ark is positioned on the wall that faces Jerusalem. ... The bimah is the place in a synagogue where the Torah is read. -What's in a Synagogue that Makes it Special? - Primary Resources

A Yad is a pointer used to point out what section your were reading in the Torah so you wouldn't have to touch it.

The term that refers to the time before the American Civil War is: Antebellum