What is the difference between "separation of powers" and "checks and balances"?

Separation or powers is an act of vesting the legislative, executive, and judicial powers of government in separate bodies, and checks and balances is counterbalancing influences by which an organization or system is regulated, typically those ensuring that political power is not concentrated in the hands of individuals or groups.

The correct order of events is the following.

If we have to pick from those options, we would say that the correct order would be:

Herbert Hoover's American Individualism, the stock market crash, Smoot-Hawley Tariff, creation of Reconstruction Finance Corporation.

We are talking about a period of time in United States history when different difficult events appeared on the American scene. Basically, the most notorious, the US stock market crash that represented the beginning of the Great Depression. The market crashed on October 29, 1929, and millions of Americans lost their jobs, banks went bankrupt, and companies had to close.