What is the u.s and japan's relationship like today?

The U.S and Japan are not in a war, but not at peace either. Japan is damaging the ocean bye whaling (killing whales, no other country in the world does it) over-fishing with mass nets that go for miles, and polluting. The U.S is irritated by this along with several other countries, but have not launched serious ways to stop them as of now.

By "shake it to its foundations” Edmund Randolph meant 'weaken or destroy government'.

Explanation:

Edmund Randolph was an advocate of the equability of states in the representation at the level of the United States Congress. He proposed that if the people are not given equal rights to represent, it would be an utter injustice to them and it would be very harmful to the government. He believed that the government being biased towards some states with less population yet same representation would turn the government weak and eventually destroy it.