What two developments, c 100-500 ce spurred the development of long-distance trade?
a. the building of large, imperial states and the construction of roads and bridges
b. the end of tribal warfare and the emergence of salvation religions
c. the spread of popular government and the development of navigation technologies
d. the emergence of a common currency and the creation of large city-states

Philanthropy goes beyond merely relieving need; it attempts to address the causes of that need. Philanthropy addressed many issues that arose with the Industrial Revolution. Factory work was repetitive with insecure jobs that demanded long hours at low pay, usually with very dangerous working conditions. Child labor was common. Urbanization often brought crowded and unhealthy living conditions. The needs of widows and orphans grew as the traditional support network of family and community broke down and was taken advantage of for the sake of gaining profit. "The nonprofit sector brought many far-reaching social changes during the Industrial Revolution using its strength as private, self-governing, voluntary organizations rather than governmental".

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