What was one effect of the expansion of islam between 632 and 750?
(1)armed conquest was forbidden by the caliphs.
(2)cultural and commercial connections were established over a sizable region.
(3)a majority of the western european population converted.
(4)a single centralized authority governed an area from the mediterranean sea to the indus river.

The correct answer is 2. Cultural and commercial connections were established over a sizable region.

Explanation

The expansion of Islam between 632 and 750, was ruled by the Umayyad caliphate that conquered the Iberian Peninsula, Iran, Afghanistan, and part of China. This territory, added to the territory that they had achieved during its first stage, meant having influence in all North Africa and the Arabian peninsula. Due to the above, Islam was present in a large part of Europe, Asia, and Africa which allowed to develop cultural ties with the different origins of the native cultures of the conquered territories. In addition, having this territory allowed them to develop commercial routes that connected the 3 continents. So, the correct answer is 2. Cultual and commercual connections were established over a sizable region.

Ibelieve that cortes took moctezuma captive and burned his own ships so that his men would fight harder to defeat the aztecs knowing that they had no escape on the ships, at least until new ones could be built. he was a ruthless conquistador who would stop at nothing to defeat the aztecs and steal their riches in silver and gold.