Which of the following were effects of european rule in africa? check all that apply.

islam spread across the continent.
european languages became official languages.
some educational systems were established.
african colonies were created along arbitrary lines.
african colonies imported raw materials from europe.

European rule in Africa brought along many changes, most of them undesirable, while some of them were positive. With colonization, European languages became official, in particular English, French and Portuguese. Colonists also established educational systems in many of these countries. However, one of the worst consequences was that African colonies (and later on, African countries) were created along arbitrary lines in what is known as the "Scramble for Africa." This continues to cause ethnic conflict in the region.

European languages became official languages.

Some educational systems were established.

African colonies were created along arbitrary lines.

Sea urchins have a unique relationship of oxygen and carbon-di-oxide.

Explanation:

Sea Urchins spread oxygen in a unique way. They take in oxygen by staying inside water. Oxygen enters the body through their gills and tubed feet. CO2, which is waste is released through the anus. They get oxygen only through diffusion, i.e. diffusion of oxygen into the organism. Oxygen diffuses in body through the canals and carbon dioxide diffuses back into the canals. Urchins also have the capability to cope up with rising CO2 levels in the sea.