Which reform is most closely associated with
turkish leader kemal atatürk?
(1) implementation of sharia law
(2) introduction of arabic script
(3) establishment of a communist government
(4) adoption of western culture

The reform which is most closely associated with Turkish leader Kemal Ataturk is (4) adoption of Western culture. He was the one responsible for introducing the Western culture into the Islamic world, particularly Turkey, and modernized it a bit which not many of his citizens were keen on. However, it turned out to be a good decision.

The Balkans Campaign, or Balkan Theatre of World War I was fought between the Central Powers, represented by Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Germany and the Ottoman Empire on one side and the Allies, represented by France, Montenegro, Russia, Serbia, and the United Kingdom (and later Romania and Greece, who sided with the Allied Powers) on the other side.

Explanation: