Which types of federalism do these two images represent? a. (a) dual federalism; (b) new federalism b. (a) cooperative federalism; (b) dual federalism c. (a) cooperative federalism; (b) new federalism d. (a) dual federalism; (b) cooperative federalism

The correct answer is D. Image A: dual federalism; Image B: cooperative federalism.

Cooperative federalism is a political system where the line that divides the responsibilities and faculties of the federal government and the state governments is not clear. Dual federalism is a system where the responsibilities and faculties of the federal government and the state governments are clearly defined.

The rigid structure of Dual federalism has horizontal power between national and state governments. It also respects sovereignty in their fields and promotes competition. The structure of Cooperative federalism has a vertical power between national and state governments, it is more flexible and promotes cooperation.

Use of cannons, foot soldiers, and muskets
The ottomans have varied weapons which they used in their war

Capture of Constantinople in 1453
The Ottomans defeated Constantinople last 1453

Formation of the janissaries as an effective fighting force
The janissaries were popular forces used by the Ottomans coming from families of soldiers