While direct democracy and representative democracy are both forms of rule ‘by the people’, representative democracy also involves which of the following?

a  direct democracy  or puredemocracy  is a form of government wherein the citizens have a  direct  say in the formulation of laws and issues that affect them while a  representative democracy  is a form of government wherein its citizens vote for or elect arepresentative  to represent them in 

The correct answer is option "D": expanded civil liberties.

The fourteenth amendment to the U.S. Constitution (1868), granted citizenship to all people born or naturalized in the United States equal protection of the laws.  Not only did the 14th amendment grant citizenship but also extended liberties and rights by the Bill of Rights to former slaves. Consequently, those African Americans and slaves who had been emancipated after the American Civil were included under the umbrella phrase “all persons born or naturalized in the United States."