Why was trade important to the muslim empires

Trade was the backbone of economies of empires in the Middle East+Central Asia for centuries until sea routes were established

Because of the War of 1812, James Madison followed in Washington's steps and advocated economic nationalism. The War in his eyes showed that there is a need for a stronger federal government and that US had to have stronger military and better economy. That is why his presidency was a nationalist one and not focused on the individual rights of the states.