Most deterrence effects and reductions of crime are more highly influenced by informal elements, such as . Select one: a. Families and communities b. Law enforcement officers c. Laws, both criminal and civil d. Legislators and elected officials

A.

Explanation:

The Deterrence theory is a theory in criminology whic suggests that the possible threats of punishment will help to reduce the amount of crimes in a society.

But, according to the study by Death Penalty Information Center, punishment has not improved these numbers, instead there are more crimes committed.

The informal controls that are supposed to be highly influential in reductions  of crimes are families and communities ties. These bonds are considered to be the most influential elements that helps to deter crime rates in any society. Having a loving and affectionate environment at home prevents a child to involve into any delinquent activities and thus keeps him/her away from criminal activities.

Thus the correct answer is option A.