Consider the following time series data. Week
1
N
3
4
5
6
Value
19
13
15
12
16 13
Using the naive method (most recent value) as the forecast for the next week, compute the following measures of forecast accuracy.
(a) mean absolute error
MAE
(b) mean squared error
MSE
(C) MAPE
(D) forecast for week 7

Substitute y with y-9.

Step-by-step explanation:

To shift the graph 9 units upward you have to substitute the y with y-9.

Suppose the origin of the function on the graph is (0,0).To shift the function upward by 9 units you have to make the origin (0,9). So to do this you have substitute y with y-9.

(x,y)=(0,0)

So finding the origin will be

(x,y-9)=(0,0)

x=0.

y-9=0

y=9

Now our y coordinate is 9 hence the graph is shifted 9 units upwards.