If bolt thread length is normally distributed, what is the probability that the thread length of a randomly selected bolt is within 0.8 sds of its mean value? farther than 2.3 sds from its mean value? between 1 and 2 sds from its mean value?

a) 0.5762

b) 0.0214

c) 0.2718

Step-by-step explanation:

It is given that lengths of the bolt thread are normally distributed. So in order to find the required probability we can use the concept of z distribution and z scores.

Part a) Probability that length is within 0.8 SDs of the mean

We have to calculate the probability that the length of a bolt thread is within 0.8 standard deviations of the mean. Recall that a z- score tells us that how many standard deviations away a value is from the mean. So, indirectly we are given the z-scores here.

Within 0.8 SDs of the mean, means from a score of -0.8  to +0.8. i.e. we have to calculate:

P(-0.8 < z < 0.8)

We can find these values from the z table.

P(-0.8 < z < 0.8) = P(z < 0.8) - P(z < -0.8)

= 0.7881 - 0.2119

= 0.5762

Thus, the probability that the thread length of a randomly selected bolt is within 0.8 SDs of its mean value is 0.5762

Part b) Probability that length is farther than 2.3 SDs from the mean

As mentioned in previous part, 2.3 SDs means a z-score of 2.3.

2.3 Standard Deviations farther from the mean, means the probability that z scores is lesser than - 2.3 or greater than 2.3

i.e. we have to calculate:

P(z < -2.3 or z > 2.3)

According to the symmetry rules of z-distribution:

P(z < -2.3 or z > 2.3) = 1 - P(-2.3 < z < 2.3)

We can calculate P(-2.3 < z < 2.3) from the z-table, which comes out to be 0.9786. So,

P(z < -2.3 or z > 2.3) = 1 - 0.9786

= 0.0214

Thus, the probability that a bolt length is 2.3 SDs farther from the mean is 0.0214

Part c) Probability that length is between 1 and 2 SDs from the mean value

Between 1 and 2 SDs from the mean value can occur both above the mean and below the mean.

For above the mean: between 1 and 2 SDs means between the z scores 1 and 2

For below the mean: between 1 and 2 SDs means between the z scores -2 and -1

i.e. we have to find:

P( 1 < z < 2) + P(-2 < z < -1)

According to the symmetry rules of z distribution:

P( 1 < z < 2) + P(-2 < z < -1) = 2P(1 < z < 2)

We can calculate P(1 < z < 2) from the z tables, which comes out to be: 0.1359

So,

P( 1 < z < 2) + P(-2 < z < -1) = 2 x 0.1359

= 0.2718

Thus, the probability that the bolt length is between 1 and 2 SDs from its mean value is 0.2718

Step-by-step explanation:

From the given information:

The mean of the readings is:

= 157.1

The standard deviation (SD) can be computed by using the expression:

Standard deviation = 28.195

∴

FOr the EDTA complexes;

The signal detection limit = (3*SD) +

= (3*28.195) + 50

= 84.585 + 50

= 134.585

We need to point out that the value of the calibration curve given is too vague and it should be (1.75 x 10^9 M^-1) as oppose to  (1.75 x 10^-9 M^-1)

The concentration of detection limit is:

The lower limit of quantification is: