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7841784
7841784
24.04.2020 • 
Mathematics

Shoveling is not exactly a high-tech activity but will continue to be a required task even in our information age. The article "A Shovel with a Perforated Blade Reduces Energy Expenditure Required for Digging Wet Clay" (Human Factors, 2010: 492–502) reported on an experiment in which each of 13 workers was provided with both a conventional shovel and a shovel whose blade was perforated with small holes.
The authors of the cited article provided the following data on stable energy expenditure [kcal/kg(subject)/lb(clay)]:

Worker: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Conventional: .0011 .0014 .0018 .0022 .0010 .0016 .0028
Perforated: .0011 .0010 .0019 .0013 .0011 .0017 .0024
Worker: 8 9 10 11 12 13
Conventional: .0020 .0015 .0014 .0023 .0017 .0020
Perforated: .0020 .0013 .0013 .0017 .0015 .0013

Carry out a test of hypotheses at significance level .05 to see if true average energy expenditure using the conventional shovel exceeds that using the perforated shovel.

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