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Step-by-step explanation:

From the given information:

The number of children that were randomly allocated to each vaccination group; n₁ = 200,000

No of polio cases X₁ = 57

Now, in the vaccine group:

the proportion of polio cases is:

=  0.000285

The number of children that were randomly allocated to the placebo group, n₂ = 200,000

No of polio cases X₂ = 142

In the placebo group

the proportion of polio cases is:

Null and alternative hypothesis is computed as follows:

H₀: There is no difference in the proportions of polio cases between both groups.  

H₁: There is a difference in the proportions of polio cases between both groups.

Let assume that the level of significance ∝ = 0.05

The test statistic  can be computed as:

Z = - 6.03

P-value =  2P(Z < -6.03)

From the Z - tables

P-value =  2 × 0.0000

= 0.000

We reject the H₀ provided that P-value is very less.

Therefore, we may conclude that there is a difference in the proportions of polio cases between the vaccine group and placebo group not due to chance.