The scale used on a map is 1: 250,000 the distance measures 8.5 centimetres what is the actual distance ?

8.5 × 250, 000 =

2,125,000

the actual distance is 21,250 m or 2125 km

Its easiest to do this if you look at a picture of the 4 quadrants. The 4 quadrants are numbered counterclockwise, starting the with top right quadrant (see picture 1). 

Plot/visualize (8, -1) on the coordinate plane (see picture 2). x=8, so it'll be to the right of y-axis. y=-1, so it'll be below the x-axis. That puts (8, -1) in Quadrant IV.

The answer is D) IV.