The table shows the masses of eight polar bears. Masses (kilograms)
455
262
471
358
364
553
62
351
a. Identify the outlier.
The outlier is (awnser)
How does the outlier affect the mean, median, and mode?

Explanation:

Let's convert x = 53 to its corresponding z score

z = (x-mu)/sigma

z = (53-65)/4

z = -12/4

z = -3

This indicates we're 3 standard deviations below the mean.

Recall that the Empirical Rule states that roughly 99.7% of the data items in a normal distribution are within 3 standard deviations of the mean. That leaves 100% - 99.7% = 0.3% outside this range. This small percentage is the combined percentage in both tails. Take half of this to find the amount in the left tail only.

(0.3%)/2 = 0.15%

This then converts to 0.0015 when we move the decimal point 2 spots to the left.