The synthesis of a large collection of information that contains well-tested and verified hypothesis, laws and definitions to explain observed behavior of nature is a scientific
(a) fact
(b) prediction
(c) principle
(d) theory
(e) none of these

(D) theory

Explanation:

According to my research on scientific terminology, I can say that based on the information provided within the question the term being described by the statement is called a Theory. Theory can simply be described as a generalization of an idea or group of information.

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Substances can change phase—often because of a temperature change. At low temperatures, most substances are solid; as the temperature increases, they become liquid; at higher temperatures still, they become gaseous. The process of a solid becoming a liquid is called melting.