What mechanisms do astronomers believe is responsible for making the Sun's outer atmosphere so much hotter than its photosphere?

magneto hydrodynamic( MHD) waves

Explanation:

The surface of the Sun transmits magneto hydrodynamic( MHD) waves to its atmosphere. These waves carry energy from the sun's surface to its atmosphere ( Corona) and heat up the atmosphere to such extent that its temperature rises to many time than that of the surface temperature of the Sun.

The correct answer is Isaac Newton , option C

Explanation:

During the 1660’s, Newton, an English physicist, started some experiments with sunlight and prisms to know more about the optic field. He passed sunlight through a prism and separated the light beam into various colours. Once he did it, he discovered and understood that this could happened because every different ray of colour is diverged by the glassy prism by a different amount. Consequently, he could conclude that white light passes through a translucent medium, such as air, into another like glass, the components are glanced the first-time up t their colour and when they go back to air they do it again. This created the spectrum with the rainbow colours.