As a type of social policy, is/are usually advocated today by those who are "conservative" on the political spectrum

The answer is: reduced regulation so that private free-market forces will solve problems
People on the conservative spectrum believe that Less government regulations will be better for the economy because Government often give benefit to some companies which will make the competition become unfair and will stunt the growth of the market.

early 15th century and continuing into the early 17th century

Explanation:The so-called Age of Exploration was a period from the early 15th century and continuing into the early 17th century, during which European ships were traveled around the world to search for new trading routes and partners to feed burgeoning capitalism in Europe.