Charlie has opted to study both Spanish and French in school this semester. As he studies a list of words for his French test, he realizes that he has forgotten the list of Spanish words he learnt the day before. In the context of retrieval failure, this is an example of

The answer is retroactive interference.

Explanation:

Retroactive interference is a type of retrieval failure in which new information interferes with remembering old information. In this example, learning the French vocabulary made Charlie forget about the Spanish words. This is related to the recency effect, meaning people tend to remember the most recent information the best.

In contrast, proactive interference occurs when old information makes it difficult to acquire new information. This would have happened if Charlie couldn't learn the French words because he confused them with the Spanish vocabulary.

What motivated Chris McClandess's behavior was the desire he had to radically change his life by getting rid of materialism and American consumerism.

Explanation:

Chris treated everyone around him with a strict moral code. He was always ready to discuss and give strong answers to those who spoke one thing but lived another. The courage to live the fame he wanted, led Chris McCandless to look for another name to express who it was: Alex Supertramp.

Alex's goal was only one: to live radically what he believed, to plunge into wild nature, to lose himself and to find himself in it, until he did not know where one ends and the other begins. Before writing about it, he needed to live it, more than talk, he had to feel it and that meant changing his way of life radically. So many thought he was crazy because he was one of the few who left behind the hypocrisy of the words that everyone preaches and turned them into attitudes and actions.