German psychologist observed that psychological ideas, including philosophies of human mind and behavior, have been around since antiquity, but that psychology as an experimentally-based scientific discipline has only been around since the mid-nineteenth century. This observation is summed up in the phrase "Psychology has a long past but only a short history."
A) Hermann EbbinghausB) Gordon AllportC) Franz SamelsonD) Gustav Fechner

German psychologist A) Hermann Ebbinghaus observed that psychological ideas, including philosophies of human mind...

Explanation:

It was German psychologist Hermann Ebbinghaus who said, in 1908, that "Psychology has a long past but only a short history." Ebbinghaus was the first person to describe the learning curve, and is famous for discovering the forgetting curve (if there is no effort to retain memory, it will be forgotten over time) and the spacing effect (if study sessions are spaced out, learning is more effective). He is considered a pioneer in the study of memory.

B. Gold, silver, and spices

Explanation:

Explorers went on journeys for the 3 Gs: gold, God, and glory. They wanted to become wealthy, spread Christianity, and gain fame. They originally sought a trade route to Asia for the valuable goods, metals, spices, and jewels there, but we know the explorers ended up in the Americas.

So, the resources the explorers wanted were gold, silver, and spices. Therefore the correct answer choice is B.