Imagine you were sitting in the library. you see a person pass behind a pillar. instead of emerging from the other side they appear to magically emerge from the other side of a more distant pillar. this is an example of and researchers create such impossible scenarios to test whether children have developed object permanence:
(a) violation of expectation
(b) involuntary response
(c) elicited imitation
(d) qualitative design

(A) Violation of Expectation

Explanation:

Expectation Violation is a method devised by scientists who aimed to test whether infants could understand the concept of solid object and understand that solid objects have movement limitations and do not occupy the space of another solid object.

When you see a person pass behind a pillar. Instead of emerging from the other side they appear to magically emerge from the other side of a more distant pillar. This is an example of  Violation of Expectation.

i think it should be 5

Explanation: