In a study of adolescent thinking, klaczynski concluded that:

There are four vital attributes that recognize adolescent thinking from more mature thinking:

Adolescent egocentrism: which means extreme distraction with one's own emotions and absence of association with sentiments of others.

Imaginary audience: which mea the conviction that one is the focal point of others' reasoning and consideration.

Personal fable: which refers to the idea that nobody else can comprehend one's emotions and encounters since they are exceptional.

Illusion of invulnerability: that the conviction that awful things just happen to other individuals.