In , one person directs a hostile, angry, or accusatory remark toward the other which in turn prompts a negative response in kind from the targeted person. Each round of verbal exchanges leads to attack and counterattack that escalate tensions and conflict rather than lead to resolution and reduced tension.

Negative Reciprocity.

Explanation:

Negative reciprocity is known to be an important part of the human emotional receive and send stimuli system.

We model its role in sustaining cooperative behaviour; the fitness benefits of negative reciprocity are dispersed throughout the entire group, while the fitness costs are borne personally. Evolutionary forces tend to unravel people's willingness to bear the personal cost of punishing culprits.

High structure, High consideration

Explanation: Based on the research on leadership style embarked upon by the Ohio State University, Sophia exhibits Hugh structure, High consideration leadership style. High structured leadership which follows a well defined and organized framework. And High consideration, which requires taking cognizance of the welfare of other members and taking time to grade and monitor their progress. Both traits, High structure and High consideration are highlighted in Sophia's description.