Molly and mark are new parents. their daughter alvina often cries when she is uncomfortable. each time alvina cries, her parents give her a stuffed rabbit. eventually, alvina looks at the rabbit and cries because she associates the rabbit with being uncomfortable. what is the conditioned stimulus (cs) in this scenario?
a. the rabbit
b. alvina being uncomfortable
c. alvina’s parents
d. alvina getting hungry

The correct answer is A. The rabbit

Explanation:

A conditioned stimulus or CS refers to an object, sound, etc. that acts as a stimulus by triggering a specific response, this response is not natural but it has been conditioned which means after specific experiences. a neutral stimulus or a stimulus that did not trigger any reaction begins triggering a reaction. In the case presented, the conditioned stimulus is the rabbit as this object did not trigger any response in Alvina but as it was presented along with a negative situation (Alvina crying when she felt uncomfortable), this object became a conditioned stimulus by making Alvina feel uncomfortable.

1. improved the sewing machine  - Isaac Singer

2. studied and wrote about birds  - John J. Audubon

3. invented the telephone  - Alexander Graham Bell

4. invented the wireless  - Guglielmo Marconi

Explanation:

Singer is famous for improving the sewing machine and established Singer Sewing Machine Company

Audubon is the famous American ornithologist who was researching about bird species.

Bell was a famous American inventor who invented telephone in 1876.

Marconi was one the most famous inventors of first half of 20th Century, who won Nobel Prize for his work.