The study of how race, class, and gender often result in multiple dimensions of disadvantage is called

Intersection theory.

Explanation:

Intersectionality is a framework designed to explore the dynamics between coexisting identities and connected systems of oppression. It refers to the situation in which a specific class of discrimination interacts with two or more groups of discrimination creating a unique situation. Within the academic context, it is the method of sociological analysis that allows questioning about the institutional reproduction of inequality. It enables a fully developed understanding of how factors such as race and class shape people's life experiences and how they interact with gender.

A) The researcher will not be interacting/intervening with subjects and the data has no identifiers.              

Explanation:

           IRB stands for Institutional Review Board. It is board which protects the rights of the human subjects in a research study made.

          According to the IRB, a human subject is the living being on which a researcher or an investigator is conducting a research study.

          In the context, a researcher wishes to conduct a study from the database collected publicly which have no identifiers and the IRB makes a point that individuals whose records will be reviewed does not meet the official definition given by the federal body regarding human subjects.

         Thus it is confirmed by the fact that the researcher was not interacting with the subjects and the data which have no identifiers, that this research activity  does not constitutes research based on human subjects.

Hence the correct option is (A).