Throughout the year, Sadie observes her students and makes notes on their progress. She takes videos of her students solving problems and analyzes them in order to develop strategies to maximize their success. Sadie is engaging in:

formative assessment

Explanation:

Formative assessment can be described as the number of different ways which teachers use to make in process evaluations of the academic progress of children. By looking at these evaluations, the teachers can get ideas to incorporate some better methods for making a particular concept more easier and clear for the children.

One such method of formative assessment was being used by Sadie. She took videos of her students to observe and make notes on their progress.

This passage from the English Bill of Rights led to the protection of: the freedom of speech.

The passage states that all subjects have a right to petition the king and they should not be punished for this. In other words, people were free to request things to the king without the fear of being punished. When people are free to request something to an authority, they are having the liberty to express their thoughts and needs on an issue. This did not mean the king would necessarily grant their petition but they had the liberty to ask. This freedom of petition, shows the freedom there was to express one's thoughts, which is the basis for the freedom of speech.