Without having a plan in place, managers may focus only on instead of keeping a long-range view and anticipating new opportunities. competitors' movements whatever is in front of them emerging opportunities for expansion overall company strategy

whatever is in front of them

Explanation:

Without having a plan in place, managers may focus only on whatever is in front of them instead of keeping a long-range view and anticipating new opportunities. competitors' movements whatever is in front of them emerging opportunities for expansion overall company strategy . Without having having an action plan, clear goals and objectives, managers become less organized and work and makes decisions based on what information and resources are immediately available to them. This type of approach is short-sighted as long-term overall objectives are not put into considerations which could lead to the failure of the business on the long-run.

The correct answer is letter A

For Skinner, punishment is a "procedure" defined by the presentation of a negative reinforcing stimulus or the withdrawal of a positive reinforcer, whose suppressive effect is due to the occurrence of competitive responses. Skinner focuses his analysis on the undesirable by-products produced by this technique.