Zariah wants to know how kids of different ages think about smoking today whereas Estelle wants to know how attitudes regarding smoking change over time. The will best suit Zariah’s research question whereas the will be better suited for Estelle’s research.

cross-sectional design; longitudinal design

Explanation:

Cross-sectional design: In psychological research, the term "cross-sectional design" is described as one of the different study designs that are considered as an observational study. In this study, a researcher measures the "exposure" and the "outcome" in the study subjects or participants simultaneously.

Longitudinal design: In psychological research, the term "longitudinal design" is described as a study of participant or group of participants in a similar condition and over a period in time. It can last from a week to months and even to years.  

The formula used will be:

tan 42° = y/115

Step-by-step explanation:

Lets simplify the the question.

We have a boat which is situated at 115 meters away from a light house. It forms the base of the right angled triangle.

We need to find the distance from the bottom of the light house to the top of the light house. This distance is the height of the lighthouse, which forms the perpendicular side of the right angled triangle.

The distance between boat and top of the lighthouse is unknown, it forms the hypotenuse.

The angle of elevation, which is the angle between base and hypotenuse, is given as 42°.

The right angled formed is shown below.

We know that

tanθ = Perpendicular / Base

tan42 = height / 115

If height= y

tan 42° = y/115

Solve for y.

y = 103.55 meters