All cells require a nitrogen source to grow. The preferred nitrogen source for E. coli is an ammonium salt (e.g. NH4Cl ). The NH 4 is assimilated into cellular metabolism by glutamine synthetase (GS), which catalyzes the synthesis of glutamine from glutamate, NH 4, and ATP. Glutamine then serves as a precursor to many compounds such as histidine, tryptophan, and nucleotides. These compounds control the activity of GS by feedback inhibition. Therefore, GS responds to changes in the nitrogen balance within cells. Identify the correct feedback inhibition mechanism that controls GS and its advantage for E. coli grown in a medium with a high histidine concentration. Assume that glucose and NH, are not limiting.
A. GS is controlled by concerted feedback inhibition. Histidine alone does not alleci GS. Therefore. E. coli growth will be unaffected.
B. GS is controlled by sequential feedback inhibition. Complete inhibition of GS by histidine will impair NH+ assimilation and impair E. coli growth.
C. GS is controlled by cumulative feedback inhibition. Therefore, histidine will inhibit GS partially. The remaining GS activity can support NH+, assimilation and E. coli growth.
D. GS is controlled by enzyme multiplicity. Only histidine-responsive GS will be shut down. The other GS isoforms will remain active to support E. coli growth.
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Ответ:
C.
Explanation:
The glutamine Synthetase of E. coli can collectively and totally be hindered and inhibited by various and numerous nitrogen-containing compounds like histidine, tryptophan, glycine, alanine, etc at optimum concentrations. But, individually at higher concentrations, these inhibitors can only inhibit the catalytic enzyme action partially. In this way, GS is constrained by total feedback restraint. Consequently, histidine will repress GS halfway. The excess GS movement can uphold NH+, absorption, and E. coli growth development.
Ответ:
Coupon 1
Step-by-step explanation:
Purchase list :
1/2 lb cheese
3 lbs sliced ham
2 loaves of bread
4 bags of potato chips
1 container of salsa.
Cost of 1 lb cheese = $1.99
So, cost of 1/2 lb =![1.99 \times \frac{1}{2}](/tpl/images/0435/8231/9e02e.png)
=![0.955](/tpl/images/0435/8231/f216c.png)
Cost of 1 lb sliced Ham = $3.29
So, cost of 3 lb Sliced Ham =![3.29 \times 3](/tpl/images/0435/8231/51beb.png)
=![9.87](/tpl/images/0435/8231/0edf3.png)
Cost of 1 loaf of bread = $ 1.59
So, cost of 2 loaves of bread =![1.59 \times 2](/tpl/images/0435/8231/4398b.png)
=![3.18](/tpl/images/0435/8231/a2a65.png)
Cost of 2 bags of potato chips = $ 3
So, cost of 4 bags = $3+$3 = $6
Cost of 1 container of salsa = $1.39
So, total cost of purchase before sales tax =
= ![21.395](/tpl/images/0435/8231/7bce7.png)
Now The food sales tax is 3%.
So, 3% of total =![3% \times 21.395](/tpl/images/0435/8231/70d50.png)
=![\frac{3}{100} \times 21.395](/tpl/images/0435/8231/e29a5.png)
=![0.64185](/tpl/images/0435/8231/1a500.png)
Thus total cost including sales tax =![21.395+0.64185](/tpl/images/0435/8231/9baf0.png)
= $22.036
Coupon 1: $4.00 off if your purchase totals more than $15.00
Since total cost is more than $15
So, $4 is off on total cost
So, total cost after coupon is applied = $22.036-$4 =$18.036
Coupon 2: 10% off if the total is more than $20.00.
So, 10% of total cost =![10\% \times 22.036](/tpl/images/0435/8231/a8194.png)
=![\frac{10}{100} \times 22.036](/tpl/images/0435/8231/8f6f6.png)
=![2.2036](/tpl/images/0435/8231/adeb0.png)
So, total cost after getting 10 % off =![22.036-2.2036](/tpl/images/0435/8231/1b981.png)
=19.8324
So, total cost after coupon 2 is applied = $19.8324
Hence coupon 1 will save the most money .