How long do turtles live?

some live for 10 minutes, sadly becuase they are born on the shore and predators can eat them there. ;-; longest record is 156 years i belive.

1) Hiatal hernia is the disorder of this 26 year old business executive. Hiatal hernia occurs when upper part of stomach pushes through an opening in the diaphragm, and up into the chest. THis opening is called a esophageal hiatus or diaphragmatic hiatus. It is basically a protrusion of the upper part of stomach into the chest through a tear on the chest through a tear or weakness in the diaphragm. The patient presents with :

2) Adequate lower esophageal pressure at the lower esophageal sphincter normally prevent gastric reflux into the esophagus when lying down or bending over.

3) As M3 receptors (parasympathetic) are distributed at the lower esophageal sphincter, cholinergic agonist activates these receptors and increases contraction thus rsulting in a decrease in contraction and preventing Gastroesophageal reflux. Similarly the anticholinergic are avoided because they will relax the LES and thus GERD will increase.

4) H2 antagonists are recommended because they decrease the acid secretion especially at night by blocking H2 receptors.

5) Elevation of the head of the bed recommended in order to encourage the gravitational flows of the contents in stomach toward the pyloric end.

6) Normal Stomach pH = 3-5

   Normal esophageal pH = 6-7

   pH at Lower esophagus  in gastroesophageal patient = 3-5

   pH of stomach in patient of GERD = 3-5 (same as that in normal)