In the term 2pq of the Hardy-Weinberg equation. Why is the multiplication by two necessary? PLEASE HELP ME

A-The term is multiplied by two because the effect of both the alleles is taken into account.

B-There are two ways that a heterozygous individual can arise: either by receiving a recessive allele from the egg and a dominant allele from the sperm, or by receiving a dominant allele from the egg and a recessive allele from the sperm

C-The frequency of the dominant allele is doubled because of its stronger effect on the phenotype.

D-The term is multiplied by tvo to account for doubling of the population in each generation.

There are two ways that a heterozygous individual can arise: either by receiving a recessive allele from the egg and a dominant allele from the sperm, or by receiving a dominant allele from the egg and a recessive allele from the sperm, the frequency of the heterozygous allele is multiplied by 2 (option B).

The Hardy–Weinberg equation is an equation which expresses the principle of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.  The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium states that in the absence of external evolutionary factors which disturbs equilibrium, the amount of genetic variation in a population will remain constant from one generation to the next.

The Hardy Weinberg equation is given as: p² + 2pq + q² = 1

In the equation above,

p² represents the frequency of dominant h0m0zygotes (AA)q²represents the frequency of recessive h0m0zygotes (aa),2pq represents the frequency of heterozygotes (Aa),p represents the allele frequency of the allele A and q represents the allele frequency of the allele a.The sum of all the three frequencies equal to 1 representing all the possible allele combinations.

Since there are two ways that a heterozygous individual can arise: either by receiving a recessive allele from the egg and a dominant allele from the sperm, or by receiving a dominant allele from the egg and a recessive allele from the sperm, the frequency of the heterozygous allele is multiplied by 2.

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The correct answer is : option B.

Explanation:

Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium is a mathematical model that states that genotype percentage or frequency in a population and allele in a population remains stable or constant to generations if there are no evolutionary influences present.

Hardy Weinberg equation is :

            P²+2pq+q² = 1

Here, p² represents the frequency of genotypes dominant homozygotes (AA) in a population in equilibrium. The term 2pq represents the frequency of heterozygotes (Aa)  as there are two ways of developing heterozygous individuals either dominant from the egg and recessive from sperm or vice versa. and the term q² represents the frequency of recessive homozygotes (aa).  

Thus, the correct answer is : option B.

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