Is this karyotype from a male or female? how do you know ?
Also do they have down syndrome? How?

Its a male, without down syndrome

Explanation:

The fact that it's a male is indicated from the presence of the Y chromosome. In order for this man to have down syndrome, he would have had 3 chromosomes at 21, which he doesnt, meaning he doesnt have down.

The correct answer for this question is that a statement that can be proven by observation or measurement is known as a fact. The other possible answers here simply refer to idea that different individuals can place value on, but that are not necessarily known to be true.