Match the following terms and definitions. 1. the basic building block of proteins; contains a carboxyl group (-COOH) and an amino group (-NH 2) RNA (ribonucleic acid) 2. any substance that accelerates a chemical reaction without being used up in the reaction catalyst 3. a complex molecule containing the genetic code nucleic acid 4. a protein molecule that is specialized to speed up a specific chemical reaction in biological systems substrate 5. a sequence of sugars, phosphates, and nitrogenous organic bases—DNA and RNA enzyme 6. a large, complex organic molecule consisting of a large number of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) 7. a nucleic acid that participates in the synthesis of proteins amino acid 8. a compound that is involved in a chemical reaction and is chemically changed by the reaction protein

1. Amino acid

2. Catalyst

3. DNA

4. Enzymes

5. Nucleic acid

6. Protein

7. RNA

8. Substrate

Explanation:

1. AMINO ACIDS are the basic building block of proteins; they contain a carboxyl group (-COOH) and an amino group (-NH 2) in their structure.

2. A CATALYST is any substance that accelerates a chemical reaction without being used up in the reaction. They do this by lowering the activation energy of the reaction.

3. Deoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA) is a complex molecule containing the genetic code. It carries all the genetic information of living organisms.

4. AN ENZYME is a protein molecule that is specialized to speed up a specific chemical reaction in biological systems. It is referred to as a biological catalyst because it speeds up a chemical reaction in living systems.

5. NUCLEIC ACID is a sequence of sugars, phosphates, and nitrogenous organic bases. A nucleic acid (DNA and RNA) is a polymer of nucleotides, which are composed of the three molecules mentioned above. A sequence of nucleotides forms a NUCLEIC ACID.

6. PROTEIN is a large, complex organic molecule consisting of a large number of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. The amino acid building blocks are linked together in a condensation reaction and catalyzed by Peptidyl transferase enzyme.

7. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a type of nucleic acid that participates in the synthesis of proteins. RNA is of three types viz: mRNA, rRNA and tRNA. They all play a role in the process of protein synthesis.

8. A SUBSTRATE is a compound that is involved in a chemical reaction and is chemically changed by the reaction. The substrate usually forms part of the reactant that yields the product.

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