Micro: Step 1: Respond to the following: Discuss the major differences between the innate and adaptive host defenses. Describe in detail
humoral and cell-mediated immunity, with an emphasis on the cell types involved, and effectiveness of
the overall immune response. How do the humoral and cell-mediated immune responses differ? How
do they compliment each other to produce an effective immune response and build immunity?

The adaptive immunological response differs from the innate in that the innate defense is with the defense mechanisms with which we are born, such as mucous secretion, fur, physical protection barriers such as skin and mucosa, while the adaptive defense is that which We adopt throughout our lives, such as through breast milk (antibodies), exposure to pathogens, vaccines, etc.

The humoral immunity is the immunological part that is in charge of transmitting signals, that is to say that the cellular immunity will work according to the chemoxtasis or chemical signals that the humoral immunity gives it, specifically we refer to chemoceptors, proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukins , and the chemical compounds released by the cells presenting antigens and mediating inflammation.

The humoral immunity, then, in simple words, are the chemical signals that together with the defense cells make up a signaling network to be able to defend ourselves effectively against pathogenic microorganisms and thus be able to have antibodies against them for a second infection encounter, favoring thus immune or acquired memory.

These humoral responses differ from whether they are proinflammatory pictures, where inflammation is promoted or anti-inflammatory, where the function is to repair tissue damaged by oxygen radicals or other agents harmful to tissue during defense mechanisms.

All these immunities complement each other to give the best immunological response, but it would be necessary to add to the surveillance immune response that is responsible for preventing cell malformations or mutations so as not to develop malignant neoplasms, these methods are based on the induction of self-destruction of those cells mutated due to the induction of the defense that perceives these mutations.

In addition, there is the defense that is in charge of being the first line of defense, where the nuclear polymorphs are the first cells to reach the area of injury or infection, and continue with the line of antigen presenting cells, which These will present the pathogenic microorganisms to those cells that can form antibodies against this pathogen, that is, trigger the defense mechanism of memory.

Explanation:

I hope it has served you, in simple words, all the immune responses we have, both innate and acquired, operate together simultaneously to avoid pathologies, both have the same importance in the role of defense, and within the acquired we have to the defense of the first line, which are the cells that first connect to the affected area, the antigen presenters and those of the second line, which are the ones that form the antibodies.

And finally these redacted ones would fulfill the cellular immunological response part, where these cells are guided by chemical signals that would be the humoral immunological response.

c) russian troops won several battles but suffered extremely heavy casualties

Explanation: