Organisms are classified into kingdoms primarily on the basis of

B. Analyze data that was truly observed, and not data that was expected or desired

Explanation:

In the scientific method, scientists or researchers are expected to make fair assessments and analysis of data. This prevents, what we call bias. When making conclusions, scientists need to analyze the data as they are and what was observed even if it does not agree or come out the way they expected it. If one will manipulate the results just to justify their own reasoning, the results cannot be regarded as facts.

Why is this an ethical issue?

Let's say a researcher wants to test a medicine that they developed. However, the results did not come out as the medicine being effective, but the researcher manipulated the results or conclusion just so he could sell it. If the medicine he developed results in harmful results or no results at all, but was still distributed, then that would endanger society.

Although not all would come out as harmful, the mere fact that the data was not as it came out would result in unfavorable scenarios.

As for the other selections, many scientific discoveries do not affect people's lives or livelihoods but they do contribute to the growing knowledge about the natural world. Published works serve as a basis for research with the aims to verify or fasilfy a theory or claim. Proceeding with an experiment also has lots of ethical issues, particularly when it comes to experiments that pose danger to society and the environment.