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B. The bacteria would be relatively evenly distributed along the algal filaments.

Explanation:

A) There would be no difference in results.

B) The bacteria would be relatively evenly distributed along the algal filaments.

C) The number of bacteria present would decrease due to an increase in the carbon dioxide concentration.

D) The number of bacteria present would increase due to an increase in the carbon dioxide concentration.

E) The number of bacteria would decrease due to a decrease in the temperature of the water.

When different segments of light was used, largest groups of aerobic bacteria were found in the red and blue regions of light because these regions have been reported to be best efficient for photosynthesis and thus, oxygen production.

If the experiment is repeated without separating the light segment, one would expect a somehow uniform distribution of aerobic bacteria growth along the algal segment since the different light segments in white light are uniformed distributed.

The correct option is B.