What are the differences and similarity between action potential and graded potential? Help please

Depending on the stimulus, graded potentials can be depolarizing or hyperpolarizing. Action potentials always lead to depolarization of membrane and reversal of the membrane potential. Amplitude is proportional to the strength of the stimulus. ... Duration of graded potentials may be a few milliseconds to seconds.

Explanation:

It is known that the in dihybrid cross (a cross between two different traits), the phenotypic ratio between the offspring of two heterozygous parents in the F2 generation is 9:3:3:1.

purple and smooth = 75                (≈ 9 · 8)

white and smooth = 28                  (≈ 3 · 8)

purple and wrinkled = 24               (= 3 · 8)

white and wrinkled = 8                   (= 1 · 8)

So, the ratio between the offspring is close to 9:3:3:1 in F2 generation.

This means, that the only heterozygotes are present in the F1 generation, and they must be purple and smooth.